Command-Line Reports
Command-line reporting is available to Enterprise and Community users.
Overview
The following report topics are included:
CFEngine output levels
CFEngine's default behavior is to report to the console (known as standard output). It's default behavior is to report nothing except errors that are judged to be of a critical nature.
By using CFEngine with the inform flag, you can alter the default to report on action items (actual changes) and warnings:
# cf-agent -I
# cf-agent --inform
By using CFEngine with the verbose flag, you can alter the default to report all of its thought-processes. You should not interpret a message that only appears in CFEngine's verbose mode as an actual error, only as information that might be relevant to decisions being made by the agent:
# cf-agent -v
# cf-agent --verbose
Creating custom reports
CFEngine allows you to use reports promises to make reports of your own. A simple
example of this is shown below.
body common control
{
bundlesequence => { "test" };
}
#
bundle agent test
{
reports:
cfengine_3::
"$(sys.date),This is a report"
report_to_file => "/tmp/test_log";
}
We can apply this idea to make more useful custom reports. In this example, the agent tests for certain software package and creates a simple HTML file of existing software:
body common control
{
bundlesequence => { "test" };
}
#
bundle agent test
{
vars:
"software" slist => { "gpg", "zip", "rsync" };
classes:
"no_report" expression => fileexists("/tmp/report.html");
"have_$(software)" expression => fileexists("/usr/bin/$(software)");
reports:
no_report::
"
<html>
Name of this host is: $(sys.host)<br>
Type of this host is: $(sys.os)<br>
"
report_to_file => "/tmp/report.html";
#
"
Host has software $(software)<br>
"
ifvarclass => "have_$(software)",
report_to_file => "/tmp/report.html";
#
"
</html>
"
report_to_file => "/tmp/report.html";
}
The outcome of this promise is a file called /tmp/report.html which contains the following output:
<html>
Name of this host is: atlas<br>
Type of this host is: linux<br>
Host has software gpg<br>
Host has software zip<br>
Host has software rsync<br>
</html>
The mechanism shown above can clearly be used to create a wide variety of report formats, but it requires a lot of coding and maintenance by the user.
Including data in reports
CFEngine generates information internally that you might want to use in reports.
For example, the agent cf-agent interfaces with the local light-weight monitoring agent
cf-monitord so that system state can be reported simply:
body common control
{
bundlesequence => { "report" };
}
###########################################################
bundle agent report
{
reports:
linux::
"/etc/passwd except $(const.n)"
showstate => { "otherprocs", "rootprocs" };
}
A bonus to this is that you can get CFEngine to report system anomalies:
reports:
rootprocs_high_dev2::
"RootProc anomaly high 2 dev on $(mon.host) at approx $(mon.env_time)
measured value $(mon.value_rootprocs)
average $(mon.average_rootprocs) pm $(mon.stddev_rootprocs)"
showstate => { "rootprocs" };
entropy_www_in_high&anomaly_hosts.www_in_high_anomaly::
"High entropy incoming www anomaly on $(mon.host) at $(mon.env_time)
measured value $(mon.value_www_in)
average $(mon.average_www_in) pm $(mon.stddev_www_in)"
showstate => { "incoming.www" };
This produces the following standard output:
R: State of otherprocs peaked at Tue Dec 1 12:12:21 2014
R: The peak measured state was q = 98:
R: Frequency: [kjournald] |** (2/98)
R: Frequency: [pdflush] |** (2/98)
R: Frequency: /var/cfengine/bin/cf-execd|** (2/98)
R: Frequency: COMMAND |* (1/98)
R: Frequency: init [5] |* (1/98)
R: Frequency: [kthreadd] |* (1/98)
R: Frequency: [migration/0] |* (1/98)
R: Frequency: [ksoftirqd/0] |* (1/98)
R: Frequency: [events/0] |* (1/98)
R: Frequency: [khelper] |* (1/98)
R: Frequency: [kintegrityd/0] |* (1/98)
Finally, you can quote lines from files in your data for convenience:
body common control
{
bundlesequence => { "report" };
}
###########################################################
bundle agent report
{
reports:
linux::
"/etc/passwd except $(const.n)"
printfile => pr("/etc/passwd","5");
}
######################################################################
body printfile pr(file,lines)
{
file_to_print => "$(file)";
number_of_lines => "$(lines)";
}
This produces the following output:
R: /etc/passwd except
R: at:x:25:25:Batch jobs daemon:/var/spool/atjobs:/bin/bash
R: avahi:x:103:105:User for Avahi:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/bin/false
R: beagleindex:x:104:106:User for Beagle indexing:/var/cache/beagle:/bin/bash
R: bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/bin/bash
R: daemon:x:2:2:Daemon:/sbin:/bin/bash
Creating custom logs
Logs can be attached to any promise. In this example, an executed shell command logs a message to the standard output. CFEngine recognizes thestdoutfilename for Standard Output, in the Unix/C standard manner:
bundle agent test
{
commands:
"/tmp/myjob",
action => logme("executor");
}
############################################
body action logme(x)
{
log_repaired => "stdout";
log_string => " -> Started the $(x) (success)";
}
In the following example, a file creation promise logs different outcomes (success or failure) to different log files:
body common control
{
bundlesequence => { "test" };
}
bundle agent test
{
vars:
"software" slist => { "/root/xyz", "/tmp/xyz" };
files:
"$(software)"
create => "true",
action => logme("$(software)");
}
#
body action logme(x)
{
log_kept => "/tmp/private_keptlog.log";
log_failed => "/tmp/private_faillog.log";
log_repaired => "/tmp/private_replog.log";
log_string => "$(sys.date) $(x) promise status";
}
This generates three different logs with the following output:
atlas$ more /tmp/private_keptlog.log
Sun Dec 6 11:58:16 2009 /tmp/xyz promise status
Sun Dec 6 11:58:43 2009 /tmp/xyz promise status
Redirecting output to logs
CFEngine interfaces with the system logging tools in different ways. Syslog is the
default log for Unix-like systems, while the event logger is the default on Windows.
You may choose to copy a fixed level of CFEngine's standard screen messaging to the
system logger on a per-promise basis:
body common control
{
bundlesequence => { "one" };
}
bundle agent one
{
files:
"/tmp/xyz"
create => "true",
action => log;
}
body action log
{
log_level => "inform";
}
Change detection: tripwires
Doing a change detection scan is a convergent process, but it can still detect changes and present the data in a compressed format that is often more convenient than a full-scale audit. The result is less precise, but there is a trade-off between precision and cost.
To make a change tripwire, use a files promise, as shown below:
body common control
{
bundlesequence => { "testbundle" };
}
#
bundle agent testbundle
{
files:
"/home/mark/tmp" -> "me"
changes => scan_files,
depth_search => recurse("inf");
}
# library code ...
body changes scan_files
{
report_changes => "all";
update_hashes => "true";
}
body depth_search recurse(d)
{
depth => "$(d)";
}
In CFEngine Enterprise, reports of the following form are generated when these promises are kept by the agent:
Change detected File change
Sat Dec 5 18:27:44 2013 group for /tmp/testfile changed 100 -> 0
Sat Dec 5 18:27:44 2013 /tmp/testfile
Sat Dec 5 18:20:45 2013 /tmp/testfile
These reports are generated automatically in Enterprise, and are integrated into the web-browsable knowledge map. Community edition users must extract the data and create these themselves.